The electronics industry is one where RCEP stands to make a meaningful impact. In most cases, trade in consumer electronics is already tariff-free thanks to the World Trade Organization’s Information Technology Agreement (ITA), enacted in 1996 and updated in 2015. The ITA and ITA2 has provided duty or tariff-free access to a wide range of listed electronics products. It has helped underpin today’s digital economy as the agreement lowered costs for everything from laptops to mobile devices. While the agreements dropped tariffs on (mostly) final products, the inputs for these goods received fewer benefits. Many tariffs remain in place, adding a substantial burden to the countries and companies that manufacture high-tech consumer electronics. Though pre-existing agreements like the ITA have already eliminated most tariffs on final consumer goods, RCEP still stands to benefit the consumer electronics industry in the region. While consumer electronics are often assembled for the final consumer in factories in China, individual components might come from places like South Korea, Japan and ASEAN. Components themselves may be largely tariff-free, but this is not necessarily true of the hugely expensive inputs necessary for their production. An example can be found in flat display screen manufacturing equipment. Many of the world’s liquid crystal display (LCD) and next-gen organic light emitting diode (OLED) devices are manufactured in East Asian cleanrooms. LCD and OLED devices are semiconductor technologies used in modern display screens everywhere from laptops to smartwatches to fridges.